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NABORS ALASKA DRILLING, INC.

Contents

Company Details

Name: NABORS ALASKA DRILLING, INC.
Jurisdiction: Alaska
Legal type: Business Corporation
Status: Good Standing
Date of registration: 05 Apr 1963 (62 years ago)
Entity Number: 5839D
ZIP code: 99503
County: Anchorage
Place of Formation: ALASKA
Address: 3900 C ST. #1004, ANCHORAGE, MO 99503
Mailing Address: 3900 C ST. #1004, ANCHORAGE, AK 99503

Activity

Line of Business

21 Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction

NAICS

211130 NATURAL GAS EXTRACTION

Officers

Name Role
Michael Csizmadia Secretary
Popin (Bob) Su Treasurer
Josh Price Director
Josh Price President
C T Corporation System Registered Agent

Business Licenses

License Number Type Status Issue Date Date of renewal Expiration date Description
298217 Business License Active 2003-12-12 2024-03-04 2025-12-31 LOB: 21 - Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction, NAICS: 211130 - NATURAL GAS EXTRACTION

Court Cases

Docket Number Nature of Suit Filing Date Disposition
0700225 Other Contract Actions 2007-11-05 default
Circuit Ninth Circuit
Origin original proceeding
Jurisdiction diversity of citizenship
Jury Demand Missing
Demanded Amount 75000
Termination Class Action Missing
Procedural Progress order decided
Nature Of Judgment monetary award only
Judgement plaintiff
Arbitration On Termination Missing
Office 3
Filing Date 2007-11-05
Termination Date 2008-03-20
Section 1332
Sub Section OC
Status Terminated

Parties

Name NABORS ALASKA DRILLING, INC.
Role Plaintiff
Name ARRIK ENERGY, INC.
Role Defendant

Court View Cases

Title Date Case Type Status Open
3AN-20-08497CI Vendl, Lawrence J et al vs. Brooks Range Petroleum Corporation et al DRC 2020-10-20 Civil Superior Ct (3AN) Closed Open Case Link
3AN-16-04522CI Nabors Alaska Drilling Inc vs. Great Bear Petroleum Operating LLC et al FAP 2016-01-28 Civil Superior Ct (3AN) Closed Open Case Link
2BA-20-00252CI Vendl, Lawrence J et al vs. BROOKS RANGE PETROLEUM CORPORATION et al DLR 2020-10-20 Civil Superior Ct (2BA) Closed Open Case Link
2BA-20-00235CI Wheat Jr, Sidney C vs. BROOKS RANGE PETROLEUM CORPORATION et al NT 2020-10-06 Civil District Court (2BA) Closed Open Case Link

OSHA's Inspections within Industry

Inspection Nr Report ID Date Opened Site Address
339644338 1032100 2014-03-18 OOOGURUK DRILL SITE, PRUDHOE BAY, AK, 99734
Inspection Type Planned
Scope Complete
Safety/Health Health
Close Conference 2014-03-18
Emphasis L: PLATFORM, P: PLATFORM
Case Closed 2014-04-28

Related Activity

Type Inspection
Activity Nr 964427
Safety Yes
Type Inspection
Activity Nr 964458
Health Yes

Violation Items

Citation ID 01001
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19101200 G08
Issuance Date 2014-03-27
Current Penalty 0.0
Initial Penalty 0.0
Final Order 2014-04-22
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 4
FTA Current Penalty 0.0
Citation text line 29 CFR 1910.1200(g)(8): The employer did not maintain copies of the required material safety data sheets for each hazardous chemical in the workplace. Oooguruk Island, Maintenance shop: On or about 18 March 2014 and times prior thereto, No MSDS were available on Bostik Never-Seez (Anit-Seize and Lubricating Compound). This condition exposed employees to hazardous substances.
339644270 1032100 2014-03-18 OOOGURUK DRILL SITE, PRUDHOE BAY, AK, 99734
Inspection Type Planned
Scope Complete
Safety/Health Safety
Close Conference 2014-03-18
Emphasis L: PLATFORM, P: PLATFORM
Case Closed 2014-04-28

Related Activity

Type Inspection
Activity Nr 964433
Health Yes
Type Inspection
Activity Nr 964461
Safety Yes
Type Inspection
Activity Nr 964470
Health Yes
Type Inspection
Activity Nr 964453
Safety Yes

Violation Items

Citation ID 01001
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100026 C02 VII
Issuance Date 2014-03-27
Current Penalty 0.0
Initial Penalty 0.0
Final Order 2014-04-22
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 2
FTA Current Penalty 0.0
Citation text line 29 CFR 1910.26(c)(2)(vii): Ladders having defects are to be marked and taken out of service until repaired by either maintenance department or the manufacturer. Mud pit area; on or about 18 March 2014 and times prior thereto; the employer failed to remove damaged four foot Werner portable metal ladder from service. Ladder had a bent rear rail. This condition exposed employees to a fall hazard.
337435812 1032100 2012-11-12 OOOGURUK DRILL SITE, PRUDHOE BAY, AK, 99734
Inspection Type Fat/Cat
Scope Partial
Safety/Health Safety
Close Conference 2012-11-13
Emphasis L: PLATFORM
Case Closed 2012-12-11

Related Activity

Type Accident
Activity Nr 670551
Type Inspection
Activity Nr 745061
Safety Yes
Type Inspection
Activity Nr 743661
Safety Yes
333893626 1032100 2012-04-10 PIONEER ODS, PRUDHOE BAY, AK, 99734
Inspection Type Planned
Scope Complete
Safety/Health Health
Close Conference 2012-04-10
Emphasis N: AMPUTATE, L: PLATFORM
Case Closed 2012-06-08

Related Activity

Type Inspection
Activity Nr 389322
Safety Yes

Violation Items

Citation ID 01001
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100146 C02
Issuance Date 2012-04-30
Abatement Due Date 2012-05-29
Current Penalty 3000.0
Initial Penalty 3000.0
Final Order 2012-05-23
Nr Exposed 10
FTA Current Penalty 0.0
Citation text line 29 CFR 1910.146(c)(2): If the workplace contains permit spaces, the employer shall inform exposed employees, by posting danger signs or by any other equally effective means, of the existence and location of and the danger posed by the permit spaces.NOTE: A sign reading DANGER -- PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE, DO NOT ENTER or using other similar language would satisfy the requirement for a sign. Area adjacent to the cellar/Blow Out Prevention room: On or about 10 April 2012, and times prior thereto, No marking signs were posted at two confined space entry points.
333893220 1032100 2012-04-10 PIONEER ODS, PRUDHOE BAY, AK, 99734
Inspection Type Planned
Scope Complete
Safety/Health Safety
Close Conference 2012-04-10
Emphasis L: PLATFORM, N: AMPUTATE
Case Closed 2012-06-08

Related Activity

Type Inspection
Activity Nr 389362
Health Yes

Violation Items

Citation ID 01001
Citaton Type Serious
Standard Cited 19100184 F05 III
Issuance Date 2012-04-30
Abatement Due Date 2012-05-29
Current Penalty 2250.0
Initial Penalty 3000.0
Final Order 2012-05-23
Nr Instances 2
Nr Exposed 20
Gravity 5
FTA Current Penalty 0.0
Citation text line 29 CFR 1910.184(f)(5)(iii): Kinking, crushing, bird caging or any other damage resulting in distortion of the wire rope structure. (a) On or about 10 April 2012, and times prior thereto, the cable on the hoist located in the cellar room had evidence of kinking and bird caging. This exposed employees a struck by hazard in event on using to repalce Blow Out Prevention equipment. (b) On or about 10 April 2012, and times prior thereto, three cables located in the pipe shed had evidence of kinking and bird caging. This exposed employees a struck by hazard in event on using slings to move equipment.
314284274 1050210 2010-09-01 PAD 3-N CDR-2-AC RIG, KAPARUK, AK, 99734
Inspection Type Planned
Scope Partial
Safety/Health Safety
Close Conference 2010-10-12
Emphasis N: AMPUTATE
Case Closed 2011-01-06

Violation Items

Citation ID 01001
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100219 I02
Issuance Date 2010-12-01
Abatement Due Date 2011-01-04
Initial Penalty 1500.0
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 2
Gravity 01
Citation ID 02001
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100022 A01
Issuance Date 2010-12-01
Abatement Due Date 2011-01-04
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 1
Citation ID 02002
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100022 D01
Issuance Date 2010-12-01
Abatement Due Date 2011-01-04
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 3
Citation ID 02003
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100305 G01 IVC
Issuance Date 2010-12-01
Abatement Due Date 2010-12-06
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 3
314284266 1050210 2010-08-31 PAD K 4 ES RIG, MILNE POINT, AK, 99734
Inspection Type Planned
Scope Partial
Safety/Health Safety
Close Conference 2010-10-12
Emphasis N: AMPUTATE
Case Closed 2011-02-01

Violation Items

Citation ID 01001
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100023 A08 II
Issuance Date 2010-12-01
Abatement Due Date 2011-01-04
Initial Penalty 1500.0
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 2
Gravity 01
Citation ID 01002
Citaton Type Serious
Standard Cited 19100023 E01
Issuance Date 2010-12-01
Abatement Due Date 2011-01-04
Current Penalty 750.0
Initial Penalty 1500.0
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 2
Gravity 01
Citation ID 01003
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100023 C01 II
Issuance Date 2010-12-01
Abatement Due Date 2011-01-04
Initial Penalty 1500.0
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 2
Gravity 01
314283938 1050210 2010-08-05 DRILL SITE #5, PRUDHOE BAY, AK, 99734
Inspection Type Planned
Scope Partial
Safety/Health Safety
Close Conference 2010-08-06
Emphasis N: AMPUTATE
Case Closed 2011-07-11

Violation Items

Citation ID 01001
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100334 A01
Issuance Date 2011-01-25
Abatement Due Date 2011-02-02
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 26
Gravity 01
Citation ID 01002
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100037 B05
Issuance Date 2011-01-25
Abatement Due Date 2011-02-08
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 26
Citation ID 01003
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100145 C02 I
Issuance Date 2011-01-25
Abatement Due Date 2011-02-08
Nr Instances 2
Nr Exposed 26
Citation ID 01004
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100157 C01
Issuance Date 2011-01-25
Abatement Due Date 2011-02-18
Nr Instances 3
Nr Exposed 26
Citation ID 01005
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100212 B
Issuance Date 2011-01-25
Abatement Due Date 2011-02-02
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 26
Citation ID 01006
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19101200 G11
Issuance Date 2011-01-25
Abatement Due Date 2011-02-08
Nr Instances 2
Nr Exposed 26
314283920 1050210 2010-08-03 OLIKTOK POINT ROAD, PRUDHOE BAY, AK, 99734
Inspection Type Planned
Scope Partial
Safety/Health Safety
Close Conference 2010-08-04
Emphasis N: AMPUTATE
Case Closed 2011-01-06

Violation Items

Citation ID 01001A
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100305 B01 II
Issuance Date 2010-12-01
Abatement Due Date 2010-12-13
Initial Penalty 1500.0
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 58
Gravity 01
Citation ID 01001B
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100303 B01 II
Issuance Date 2010-12-01
Abatement Due Date 2010-12-06
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 58
Gravity 01
Citation ID 02001
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100145 C02 I
Issuance Date 2010-12-01
Abatement Due Date 2010-12-15
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 54
Citation ID 02002
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100157 C01
Issuance Date 2010-12-01
Abatement Due Date 2010-12-13
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 54
Citation ID 02003
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100212 B
Issuance Date 2010-12-01
Abatement Due Date 2010-12-09
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 26
Citation ID 02004
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100303 F01
Issuance Date 2010-12-01
Abatement Due Date 2010-12-06
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 15
310856166 1050210 2009-10-14 L PAD RIG 4ES, PRUDHOE BAY, MILNE PT, AK, 99734
Inspection Type Unprog Rel
Scope Partial
Safety/Health Safety
Close Conference 2009-10-14
Emphasis S: CONSTRUCTION
Case Closed 2011-03-16

Violation Items

Citation ID 01001
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19260021 B02
Issuance Date 2009-11-12
Abatement Due Date 2009-12-09
Current Penalty 1575.0
Initial Penalty 3150.0
Contest Date 2009-12-03
Final Order 2010-10-06
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 1
Related Event Code (REC) Referral
Gravity 05
Citation ID 01002
Citaton Type Serious
Standard Cited 611180 B01
Issuance Date 2009-11-12
Abatement Due Date 2009-12-02
Initial Penalty 3150.0
Contest Date 2009-12-03
Final Order 2010-10-05
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 1
Related Event Code (REC) Referral
Gravity 05
Inspection Type Planned
Scope Complete
Safety/Health Safety
Close Conference 2009-08-11
Emphasis L: PLATFORM, S: FALL FROM HEIGHT, S: STRUCK-BY
Case Closed 2010-06-10

Violation Items

Citation ID 01001
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100027 B01 II
Issuance Date 2009-10-01
Abatement Due Date 2009-11-04
Current Penalty 1125.0
Initial Penalty 1125.0
Contest Date 2009-10-27
Final Order 2010-05-06
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 1
Gravity 01
Citation ID 01002
Citaton Type Serious
Standard Cited 19100141 A03 II
Issuance Date 2009-10-01
Abatement Due Date 2009-11-04
Current Penalty 1125.0
Initial Penalty 1125.0
Contest Date 2009-10-27
Final Order 2010-05-06
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 2
Gravity 01
Inspection Type Planned
Scope Complete
Safety/Health Safety
Close Conference 2009-04-28
Emphasis L: PLATFORM, S: STRUCK-BY
Case Closed 2009-08-18

Violation Items

Citation ID 01001
Citaton Type Serious
Standard Cited 19100024 F
Issuance Date 2009-05-14
Abatement Due Date 2009-06-17
Current Penalty 843.75
Initial Penalty 1125.0
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 2
Gravity 01
Citation ID 01002A
Citaton Type Serious
Standard Cited 19100215 D01
Issuance Date 2009-05-14
Abatement Due Date 2009-06-17
Current Penalty 1406.25
Initial Penalty 1875.0
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 2
Gravity 03
Citation ID 01002B
Citaton Type Serious
Standard Cited 19100215 D03
Issuance Date 2009-05-14
Abatement Due Date 2009-06-17
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 2
Gravity 05
Citation ID 01003
Citaton Type Serious
Standard Cited 19100253 B04 III
Issuance Date 2009-05-14
Abatement Due Date 2009-06-17
Current Penalty 1125.0
Initial Penalty 1500.0
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 2
Gravity 02
Citation ID 02001
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100212 A05
Issuance Date 2009-05-14
Abatement Due Date 2009-06-17
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 1
Gravity 01
Inspection Type Planned
Scope Complete
Safety/Health Safety
Close Conference 2007-01-11
Emphasis L: PLATFORM, S: ELECTRICAL, S: FALL FROM HEIGHT, S: NOISE, S: POWERED IND VEHICLE, S: STRUCK-BY
Case Closed 2007-03-22

Violation Items

Citation ID 01001
Citaton Type Serious
Standard Cited 19100178 A04
Issuance Date 2007-01-24
Abatement Due Date 2007-02-27
Current Penalty 2000.0
Initial Penalty 2000.0
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 1
Gravity 02
Citation ID 02001
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19040040 A
Issuance Date 2007-01-24
Abatement Due Date 2007-02-27
Current Penalty 1000.0
Initial Penalty 1000.0
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 1
Gravity 00
Inspection Type Planned
Scope Complete
Safety/Health Safety
Close Conference 2006-03-28
Emphasis L: PLATFORM
Case Closed 2006-04-28

Violation Items

Citation ID 01001
Citaton Type Serious
Standard Cited 19100253 B04 III
Issuance Date 2006-04-17
Abatement Due Date 2006-05-18
Current Penalty 1500.0
Initial Penalty 1500.0
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 1
Gravity 02
Citation ID 02001
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100036 G02
Issuance Date 2006-04-17
Abatement Due Date 2006-05-18
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 1
Gravity 01
Inspection Type Prog Related
Scope Complete
Safety/Health Safety
Close Conference 2003-02-28
Emphasis L: PLATFORM
Case Closed 2003-04-01

Violation Items

Citation ID 01001
Citaton Type Serious
Standard Cited 19100212 A03 II
Issuance Date 2003-03-19
Abatement Due Date 2003-03-24
Current Penalty 1300.0
Initial Penalty 1300.0
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 3
Gravity 02
Citation ID 02001
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100215 A04
Issuance Date 2003-03-19
Abatement Due Date 2003-03-24
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 3
Gravity 01
Citation ID 02002
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100215 B09
Issuance Date 2003-03-19
Abatement Due Date 2003-03-24
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 3
Gravity 01
Inspection Type Unprog Rel
Scope Partial
Safety/Health Safety
Close Conference 2002-04-25
Emphasis L: PLATFORM
Case Closed 2003-05-30

Violation Items

Citation ID 01001
Citaton Type Serious
Standard Cited 5A0001
Issuance Date 2002-10-16
Abatement Due Date 2002-12-04
Current Penalty 7000.0
Initial Penalty 7000.0
Contest Date 2002-11-06
Final Order 2003-04-23
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 65
Gravity 10
Hazard UNAPEQUIP
Citation ID 02001
Citaton Type Serious
Standard Cited 19100307 B03
Issuance Date 2002-10-16
Abatement Due Date 2002-10-22
Current Penalty 10000.0
Initial Penalty 35000.0
Contest Date 2002-11-06
Final Order 2003-04-23
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 65
Gravity 10
Inspection Type Planned
Scope Complete
Safety/Health Safety
Close Conference 2002-03-14
Emphasis L: PLATFORM
Case Closed 2002-06-20

Violation Items

Citation ID 01001
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100212 A05
Issuance Date 2002-04-17
Abatement Due Date 2002-04-22
Current Penalty 975.0
Initial Penalty 975.0
Nr Instances 3
Nr Exposed 3
Gravity 01
Citation ID 01002
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100242 B
Issuance Date 2002-04-17
Abatement Due Date 2002-04-22
Current Penalty 975.0
Initial Penalty 975.0
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 2
Gravity 01
Citation ID 02001
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100215 B09
Issuance Date 2002-04-17
Abatement Due Date 2002-04-22
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 1
Gravity 01
Citation ID 02002
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 19100305 B01
Issuance Date 2002-04-17
Abatement Due Date 2002-05-06
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 1
Gravity 01
Inspection Type Referral
Scope Partial
Safety/Health Safety
Close Conference 2001-03-23
Emphasis L: PLATFORM
Case Closed 2001-03-28

Related Activity

Type Referral
Activity Nr 901873976
Safety Yes
Inspection Type Complaint
Scope Partial
Safety/Health Safety
Close Conference 1993-08-24
Emphasis L: AKS
Case Closed 1993-11-18

Related Activity

Type Complaint
Activity Nr 77410629

Violation Items

Citation ID 01001A
Citaton Type Serious
Standard Cited 30004 G01 C I
Issuance Date 1993-09-23
Abatement Due Date 1993-10-11
Current Penalty 812.5
Initial Penalty 1625.0
Nr Instances 2
Nr Exposed 4
Gravity 10
Citation ID 01001B
Citaton Type Serious
Standard Cited 30004 G01C II
Issuance Date 1993-09-23
Abatement Due Date 1993-10-11
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 4
Gravity 00
Citation ID 01001C
Citaton Type Serious
Standard Cited 30004 B02
Issuance Date 1993-09-23
Abatement Due Date 1993-10-11
Nr Instances 2
Nr Exposed 4
Gravity 00
Citation ID 01001D
Citaton Type Serious
Standard Cited 30002 B02
Issuance Date 1993-09-23
Abatement Due Date 1993-10-11
Nr Instances 3
Nr Exposed 4
Gravity 00
Citation ID 01001E
Citaton Type Serious
Standard Cited 30006 B02 A
Issuance Date 1993-09-23
Abatement Due Date 1993-10-11
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 4
Gravity 00
Citation ID 02001
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 11103 B03
Issuance Date 1993-09-23
Abatement Due Date 1993-10-11
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 4
Gravity 00
Citation ID 02002
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 11303 E03
Issuance Date 1993-09-23
Abatement Due Date 1993-10-11
Nr Instances 2
Nr Exposed 4
Gravity 00
Inspection Type Planned
Scope Complete
Safety/Health Safety
Close Conference 1991-02-27
Emphasis L: AKS
Case Closed 1991-03-15
Inspection Type Planned
Scope Complete
Safety/Health Safety
Close Conference 1991-02-26
Emphasis L: AKS
Case Closed 1991-06-11

Violation Items

Citation ID 01001
Citaton Type Serious
Standard Cited 80204 A
Issuance Date 1991-04-02
Abatement Due Date 1991-04-05
Current Penalty 300.0
Initial Penalty 600.0
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 3
Gravity 10
Citation ID 02001
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 80318 B02 B
Issuance Date 1991-04-02
Abatement Due Date 1991-04-05
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 3
Gravity 02
Inspection Type Planned
Scope Complete
Safety/Health Safety
Close Conference 1991-02-22
Emphasis L: AKS
Case Closed 1991-06-11

Violation Items

Citation ID 01001
Citaton Type Serious
Standard Cited 11107 D05
Issuance Date 1991-04-02
Abatement Due Date 1991-04-05
Current Penalty 300.0
Initial Penalty 600.0
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 3
Related Event Code (REC) Imminent Danger
Gravity 10
Citation ID 02001
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 11103 A02
Issuance Date 1991-04-02
Abatement Due Date 1991-04-05
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 3
Gravity 04
Citation ID 02002
Citaton Type Other
Standard Cited 610240 A
Issuance Date 1991-04-02
Abatement Due Date 1991-04-05
Nr Instances 1
Nr Exposed 10
Gravity 02

Date of last update: 23 Jan 2025

Sources: State of Alaska - Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development